Minimizing surface run-off, improving underground water recharging, and on-site rain harvesting in the Kathmandu valley

Nepal’s political institutions and administrative units were thoroughly restructured in 2015 with the promulgation of new Constitution. Several rural areas combined to meet definition urban threshold criteria classify into categories. Accordingly, over 3,900 local amalgamated 753 units, which, 293 are classified as urban. Within these newly defined areas, many natural environments have been converted impervious surfaces such paved roads, sidewalks, building roofs. These drastically increased amount surface run-offs—often termed “urban floods” --under increasing precipitation caused by global climate change. incidences negatively impacted groundwater recharge processes areas.
 Data on rates needed context change understand status Nepal. However, due various limitations, this study only focuses around Kathmandu Valley Nepal understand: a) how expansion urban, peri-urban, associated resulted decreasing recharges; b) is affected year-to-year variability (low high intensity) conversion landscape built-up areas; c) changing trends evapotranspiration may impact future availability. This based a review literature analysis secondary data available from government social media authors' professional experiences. The ends some recommendations experiences other parts world processes.